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Theory and Applications of Super-Resolution Imaging with Modulation of Point Spread Function

Project ID: TECH2024-09 Background High image resolution is a desired outcome in wave-related disciplines such as ultrasound, acoustics, optics, and electromagnetics. However, the spatial resolution of an imaging system is fundamentally limited by the spatial frequency of the point spread function (PSF) of the system due to diffraction. There have...

High-Efficiency Microwave Plasma Jet

Project ID: D2021-25 Background Plasma jets are currently made with bulky and expensive equipment that consumes a lot of energy. Most commercially available plasma jets utilize high-voltage pulses (e.g., 100s of V to kV) or high-power radio frequency (RF) sources (e.g., 10s of W), even though low-power plasma with effective surface power density...

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System

Project ID: ENG00204 Novelty: This invention provides both a combined battery/ultracapacitor energy storage system and battery chargers associated with these systems. First, it combines an ultracapacitor with a battery to optimally power both high current surges and more constant demands. The ultracapacitor provides the high current power, thereby...

Functionally graded graphene transient electronics

Project ID: D2018-22Background It is estimated that electronics account for 42 million tons of waste per year worldwide. As a result, electronic manufacturers have become interested in transient electronics. They contain environmentally benign components that can be degraded over time in a natural environment. Transient electronics can be used to better...

Sensor for detection of ice accumulation and liquid water content in wet snow

Project ID# D2019-13BackgroundLiquid water content (LWC) of snow is the ratio of the weight of water contained to the total weight of the wet snow. LWC of snow influences its density, adhesion to surfaces, and snow cohesiveness which determines its stability, shedding, and melting runoff. Ice build-up can fall from structures, such as bridges, causing...

Altering shear thickening in fumed silica suspensions using nanoparticles

Project ID: D2018-58 Background Silicon chips can contain over one billion transistors in one square centimeter of surface area. In order to interconnect such a large number of electrical elements, materials must be planarized with nanometer-scale precision while leaving the exposed surface free of defects, such as scratches, gouges, or pits....

Tin whisker growth mitigation by using nickel oxide sublayers

Project ID: D2018-36Background Metal whiskering is a problem with electrical devices in which the metal, such as tin, suffer from compressive stress or high work functions and grow hair-like structure that extend from the metal. This causes circuit shorts and electrical failures. Current solutions require the use of lead or conformal coatings to mitigate...

Inexpensive, Earth-Abundant, and Tunable Hole Transport Material for CdTe Solar Cells

Project ID: D2017-08Background Photovoltaic (PV) cells have been produced with a wide variety of materials for each functional layer. The typical PV is a substrate layer coated with a semiconductor layer and two ohmic contacts. Thin film solar cells use a thin absorbing layer, such as Cadmium telluride (CdTe). CdTe is the most eco-friendly, high efficiency,...

A Bi-level Equalizer for Battery Cell Charge Management

Project ID: D2016-41 Background: Lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) begin to degrade much faster after the capacity drops below about 80%, and manufacturers recommend that they be replaced at about this point. However, these batteries still have adequate capacity for other applications, and it is expected that vast numbers will soon...